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KMID : 1001320210480030005
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Social Welfare Policy
2021 Volume.48 No. 3 p.5 ~ p.38
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Changes in Problem Definitions of National Mental Health and Welfare Policies Since 1995
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Kim Moon-Geun
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Abstract
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This study analysed problem definitions of mental health welfare policies shown in mental health laws and published government policy documents since 1995 in Korea. The analyses focused on problem structuring based on medical perspective and human rights perspective.
The results were as follow. Firstly, medical problem structuring turned out to be expanded in multiple ways from institution to community, from treatment and rehabilitation to prevention and promotion, from people with mental disorders to whole citizen. Secondly, since 2011 chronic mental illnesses and long term admissions were attributed to ineffectiveness in early stage treatments which are the essence of mental health services. Thirdly, providing causal theory to crimes by people with mental disorders, prevention and promotion approaches contributed to enhancement of safety management approach in mental health welfare policies. Fourthly, problem definitions based on human rights were expanded from rights to appropriate medical care and freedom from involuntary medical care to social rights. And human rights practice oriented problem definitions progressed from public regulation to duty bearers’accountability and capacity building, rights holders’empowerment. But problem definition on rights to welfare supports was narrow scoped and lacked specificity in practice.
Based on these results, the author suggested discussions on the adoption of standards of effective and efficient medical cares and regulations, exclusion of safety management oriented medical problem definition, and inclusion of various social rights and causal theories in human rights problem definition.
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KEYWORD
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Mental Health Welfare Policy, Problem Definition, Mental Health Promotion, Human Rights, Social Righ
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